Academic Honesty and Dishonesty in Different Disciplines and Degrees at the University of Medical Sciences : A Descriptive CrossSectional Study

Introduction : Dishonesty is considered as a basic challenge in ethics of care, which imposes great burden on the Educational System and the Society. Dishonesty is accompanied with negative impacts on all aspect of academic atmosphere. The aim of this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was to determine dishonesty among 5 majors of study, Undergraduate and Graduate Degrees in School of Nursing and Midwifery. Materials and Methods : 340 Undergraduate and Graduate students completed a questionnaire about all kinds of academic dishonesty and their causes. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Result : Suggested lowest levels of dishonesty among students of Midwifery (7.5%) and Anesthesiology (5.3%). Significant relationship was observed between sex and honesty (P<0.001). Also living place and the major had significant relationship with honesty (P<0.001). No significant relationships were found between dishonesty and education level and other demographic characteristics. Conclusions : Many types of cheating are preventable through rules, correct training and educational management, which will eventually promote honesty in the educational system. This reveals the necessity of medical students’ familiarity with ethical codes and faculties’ emphasis on importance and role of ethics in Medical Sciences.

Path of constructing a "seven-in-one" medical postgraduate education quality assurance system in military medical universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper analyzes the current situation of constructing postgraduate education quality assurance systems worldwide, and explores the specific path of constructing a "seven-in-one" medical postgraduate education quality assurance system. The system should be constructed according to the education practice in military medical universities and consider the following aspects: first-class students, first-class teaching, first-class tutors, first-class disciplines, first-class management, first-class culture, and first-class achievements. The system should be constructed by enrollment reform and innovation, teaching method reform, tutor team construction, discipline construction, cultural atmosphere creation, and emphasis on cultivating achievements.

Gestão do tempo: percepções de gerenciamento com estudantes de Pós-Graduação / Time management: management perceptions with graduate students / Gestión del tiempo: percepciones de gestión con estudiantes de posgrado

O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender como alunos de Mestrado e Doutorado em Psicologia percebem sua gestão do tempo. Realizou-se uma oficina com seis doutorandos e outra com 12 mestrandos, com idades entre 24 e 55 anos (M = 38,83 DP = 9,59). Os voluntários foram informados dos objetivos e as falas analisadas por meio do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados apontaram que os estudantes procuram gerenciar o tempo para serem eficientes no cumprimento das atividades e empenham-se para distinguir o que é inadiável e o que pode ser postergado. O estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento sobre a reflexão crítica do gerenciamento do tempo. Estudos prospectivos podem contar com estudantes de programas de Pós-Graduação de diferentes localidades, além de diferenciar percepções segundo o gênero.

The objective of this study was to understand how Master and PhD students in Psychology perceive their time management. Were held two workshops with six doctoral students and another with 12 master's students, aged between 24 and 55 years (M = 38.83 and SD = 9.59). The volunteers were informed of the objectives and the statements were analyzed using the IRAMUTEQ software. The results showed that students try to manage time to be efficient in carrying out activities and strive to distinguish what is urgent and what can be postponed. The study contributed to the critical reflection of time management. Prospective studies could rely on students from graduate programs in different locations, in addition to differentiating perceptions according to gender.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender cómo los estudiantes de Maestría y Doctorado en Psicología perciben su gestión del tiempo. Se realizaron dos talleres con seis estudiantes de doctorado y otro con 12 estudiantes de maestría, con edades entre 24 y 55 años (M = 38,83 y DT = 9,59). Se informó a los voluntarios de los objetivos y se analizaron las declaraciones utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes intentan gestionar el tiempo para ser eficientes en la realización de las actividades y se esfuerzan por distinguir qué es urgente y qué se puede postergar. El estudio contribuyó a la reflexión crítica sobre la gestión del tiempo. Los estudios prospectivos podrían apoyarse en estudiantes de programas de posgrado en diferentes ubicaciones, además de diferenciar las percepciones según el género.

Impact of an educational intervention on knowledge and attitude regarding pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting among postgraduate students of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Doctors doing postgraduation (PG) are backbone of any teaching-hospital and are in close contact with patients. It is important they have adequate knowledge and attitude towards adverse drug reaction (ADR)-reporting and Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI). Aim and Objectives: To study the impact of an educational intervention on knowledge and attitude of 1st year PG residents toward ADR reporting and Pharmacovigilance. Materials and Methods: An educational intervention was conducted among 1st-year postgraduate students, including a lecture on importance and need of pharmacovigilance, hands-on-training on how to fill Suspected ADR Reporting Form and group based interactive discussion. Knowledge and attitude of participants were recorded in pre-post intervention questionnaire and analyzed. Results: Sixty-three postgraduate students from clinical (82.5%), paraclinical (12.7%), and preclinical (4.7%) departments participated. Mean test-score improved from 7.27 to 11.65 (P < 0.005). Need for pharmacovigilance, ADR-reporting related terminologies, PvPI, who can report and where to report ADR, signal generation, types of ADR-forms, and legal implications of reporting were the major areas with significant improvement. About 87% agreed post-intervention that ADRs are a major cause of morbidity, 96% agreed there should be an ADR-Reporting Centre in every institute and 92% agreed they will try to find whether some drug might be responsible for any unusual symptom in patient. Conclusion: Educational intervention could improve knowledge as well as attitude toward ADR reporting among postgraduate doctors, long-term impact needs further assessment.

Research on the application of music-based psychological adjustment in improving postgraduates' mental health / Pesquisa sobre a aplicação do ajuste psicológico baseado na música na melhoria da saúde mental de pós-graduados / Investigación sobre la aplicación del ajuste psicológico musical en la mejora de la salud mental de los graduados

ABSTRACT At present, the mental health problem of postgraduates is still in the highest position, which directly affects the level of intellectual performance in social work. While mastering professional knowledge, it also requires postgraduates to have higher ideological and psychological qualities. On the basis of domestic and foreign research, this study takes the concept and advantages of music-based psychological adjustment as a theoretical basis and, through a large number of questionnaires, combined with the psychological characteristics of science and engineering postgraduates, we use the comparative method, the statistical analysis method and the experimental method to study the influence of music-based psychological adjustment on the mental health level of science and engineering postgraduates. It further illustrates that music promotes communication between man and nature. Music promotes communication between people and society. Music promotes communication between people and their inner world. Music can also build people's faith and find the home of the soul. It emphasizes the influence of music on postgraduates' emotions. The purpose of this is to build a reasonable and perfect music therapy system, so as to further enrich and strengthen the connotation and effect of mental health education in colleges and universities.

RESUMO Atualmente, o problema de saúde mental dos pós-graduados continua em sua posição mais elevada, o que afeta directamente o nível de exercício intelectual no trabalho social. Além de dominar o conhecimento profissional, também é necessário que os pós-graduados tenham qualidades ideológicas e psicológicas mais elevadas. Com base em pesquisas internas e externas, este estudo toma o conceito e as vantagens do ajuste psicológico baseado na música como base teórica e, através de diversos questionários, combinados com as características psicológicas dos pós-graduados da área de ciência e engenharia, usamos o método comparativo, o método de análise estatística e o método experimental para estudar a influência do ajuste psicológico com base na música no nível de saúde mental dos pós-graduados em ciências e engenharia. Também ilustramos que a música promove a comunicação entre o homem e a natureza. A música promove a comunicação entre as pessoas e a sociedade. A música promove a comunicação entre as pessoas e seu mundo interior. A música também pode construir a fé das pessoas e encontrar a casa da alma. Este estudo enfatiza a influência da música nas emoções dos pós-graduados. O presente estudo visa construir um sistema de terapia musical razoável e perfeito, de modo a enriquecer e fortalecer ainda mais a conotação e o efeito do sistema educacional em saúde mental em faculdades e universidades.

RESUMEN En la actualidad, el problema de salud mental de los posgraduados se encuentra todavía en la posición más alta, esto incide directamente en el nivel de desempeño intelectual en el trabajo social. Además de dominar el conocimiento profesional, también es necesario que los posgraduados tengan cualidades ideológicas y psicológicas superiores. Sobre la base de investigaciones nacionales y extranjeras, este estudio toma como base teórica el concepto y las ventajas del ajuste psicológico basado en la música. Por medio de un gran número de cuestionarios, combinados con las características psicológicas de los posgraduados en ciencias e ingeniería, utilizamos el método comparativo, el método de análisis estadístico y el método experimental para estudiar la influencia del ajuste psicológico basado en la música en la salud mental de los graduados en ciencias e ingeniería. Además, muestra que la música estimula la comunicación entre el hombre y la naturaleza, así como entre las personas y la sociedad y entre las personas y su mundo interior. La música también puede fortalecer la fe de las personas y encontrar el hogar del alma. Cabe destacar la influencia de la música en las emociones de los posgraduados. El propósito de esto es construir un sistema de musicoterapia razonable y perfecto, a fin de enriquecer y fortalecer aún más la connotación y el efecto de la educación en salud mental en colegios y universidades.

Assessment of labor room communication skills among postgraduate students of obstetrics and gynecology

Background: “Communication with patients” is an important skill needed for every physician in their clinical practice.  These soft skills are required in dealing with patients at every step which include history taking from the patients, explaining them the diagnosis, the prognosis of the disease with associated complications. Dealing with empathy, taking informed consent, explaining the operative procedure and the complications associated with surgery, the art of breaking bad news are the mandatory skills for a good clinician. Labouring women like other patients also require special attention and empathy. So, the residents working in labor room need commitment to develop these soft skills in order to improve the labor room experience of expectant mothers. Objective of this study was to analyse role of a formal training in labor room communication skills among post graduate students of the department of obstetrics and gynecology.Methods: Faculty and students’ sensitization was done after approval from institutional ‘ethics committee’ for conducting this study. Pre-workshop assessment of residents for communication skills attitude and effective communication was done through ‘communication skill attitude scale’ (CSAS) and ‘GAP-KALAMAZOO scale’. Workshop for communication skills on the framework of Calgary Cambridge patient interview model and online teaching of students through what’s app videos, role-play demonstrations was followed by reassessment of the residents through above used scales.Results: Results depicted both improvements in attitude and effective communication skills among residents. 100% of the students were convinced and opined that good communication skills necessary for perfect clinical practice.Conclusions: The skill to communicate with patients is a fine art and needs to be mastered to be a good clinician. A formal training in effective communication skills is absolutely necessary to bring professionalism in medical practice.

Knowledge, attitude and practice towards adverse drug reactions reporting in post graduate students of a tertiary care hospital

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Under reporting of ADRs by health care professionals is a very common problem worldwide. So, the present study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of postgraduate (PG) students towards ADR reporting and suggest possible ways for improvement.Methods: It was a cross sectional questionnaire-based study conducted among 44 PG students using a questionnaire with questions on knowledge (21), attitude (13) and practices (15) of ADR reporting. The questionnaire was analyzed question wise and the percentage was calculated using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet in Microsoft Office 2010 software.Results: Most of them were aware of the term pharmacovigilance (PV) (95.45%). 54.55% agreed to be trained on how to report an ADR. 88.63% knew about the existence of pharmacovigilance committee in the institute.93% of participants knew that Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is responsible for monitoring of ADRs. 56.82% were aware about VIGIBASE an online software to report ADR. 81.82% of participants had agreed to witness ADRs in patients but only 38.64% reported them. The main reason behind it was non – availability of ADR forms. 42.55% opine that mobile based app would be the most preferred method to send ADR information to an ADR reporting center.Conclusions: There exists a huge gap between ADR experienced and ADR reported by PG students. Participants agreed upon necessity of reporting ADR and periodic briefing about PV.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice in pharmacovigilance among clinical post graduate students in a teaching hospital, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are global problem causing morbidity and mortality. Good pharmacovigilance (PV) programme can address this problem. Under reporting of ADR is one of the obstacles for good PV. In order to achieve this, health professionals need to have enough Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of ADR`s. The present study was conducted to assess KAP about PV among post graduate (PG) students.Methods: A self administered questionnaire validated by Lynn M consisting of 22 questions covering knowledge, attitude & practice about PV was distributed among PG students of clinical departments of MIMS College. Answering of the questionnaires was supervised directly. Filled questionnaires were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel spread sheet.Results: Evaluation showed an average of 52.3% correct and 47.7% incorrect knowledge about ADR`s and PV.50% students are not sure regarding occurrence of ADR.90% students are not been trained upon reporting of ADR`s. Our study found out that PG students have better attitude towards PV, but have improper knowledge & less awareness about PV. We also found lack of practice among the students.Conclusions: Imparting knowledge and awareness of PV among the PG students by means of continuous educational intervention can create better practice among PG students.

Entrevista Motivacional para Estudantes da Área da Saúde: Resultados de um Treinamento / Motivational Interviewing for Health Sciences Students: The Results of Training

Resumo Este estudo procurou avaliar a efetividade de um treinamento em Entrevista Motivacional (EM) para estudantes do último ano de diferentes cursos na área da saúde. Usando um delineamento pré e pós-teste quase-experimental, 60 estudantes receberam um treinamento de oito horas de habilidades básicas da Entrevista Motivacional. As habilidades foram avaliadas por meio de uma vinheta clínica, das Réguas de Confiança e Importância e do Questionário de Resposta Útil, codificado utilizando o Motivational Interviewing Skill Code. O treinamento foi associado com melhora no uso das habilidades básicas da Entrevista Motivacional. Os alunos também aumentaram a percepção da importância em utilizar essas habilidades com os pacientes, mesmo com um treinamento breve.

Abstract This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing (MI) training on undergraduate students in the senior year of different healthcare courses. Using a pre and post-test quasi-experimental design, 60 undergraduate students received an eight-hour Motivational Interviewing basic skills training. Basic skills were assessed using a clinical vignette, the Confidence and Importance Ruler and The Helpful Responses Questionnaire, which was coded using the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code. The training was associated with improvements in motivational interviewing basic skills. Students also showed increased awareness of the importance of using these skills with patients, even after a brief training.

Stress sources and anxiety symptoms of medical graduate students: the mediating role of negative emotion and the moderating role of social support / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationship between stress sources and anxiety symptoms of medical graduate students, as well as the mediating role of negative emotion and the moderating role of social support.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 216 medical students of 16 medical colleges in 13 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) by using graduate stressors scale, Hopkins symptom checklist, the positive and negative affect scale and perceived social support scale.Correlation analysis, regression analysis, SPSS-process mediation and adjustment methods were used for data processing.@*Results@#(1) The whole average score of stress source was (2.45±0.54), and the scores of anxiety symptoms, negative emotions and social support were (1.68±0.59), (2.26±0.70) and (5.28 ±1.01). (2) There was a positive correlation between stress and anxiety symptoms (r=0.37, P<0.01), and negative emotion (r=0.38, P<0.01) and a negative correlation between stress source and social support (r=-0.20, P<0.01). (3) Negative emotion plays a significant partial mediating role between stressors and anxiety symptoms (indirect effect value=0.24, SE=0.02, 95%CI: 0.20-0.28), accounted for 58.54% of the total effect.(4) Social support moderated the effects of stressors on negative emotion (R2=0.24) and the effects of stressors on anxiety symptoms (R2=0.44).@*Conclusion@#Negative emotion plays a partial intermediary role in stress sources and anxiety symptoms, and social support plays a multiple moderating role.

Application of humanities curriculum by narrative-based instruction in training of graduate students in oncology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In recent years,the application of humanities curricula has gained increasing attention gradually in Chinese medical education.For graduate students in oncology who have just been exposed to the actual clinical work,it is extremely important to develop the comprehensive abilities of physician-patient communication,humanistic care and self psychological dredging.Since 2012,we have conducted humanities curriculum by narrative-based instruction for the clinical intern graduate students in oncology at the department of surgical oncology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,and a good teaching result has been gained.This kind of humanities curricula based on open discussion could be an effective way to improve physician-patient communication ability and reduce the clinical psychology pressure for the graduate students in oncology.

An exploration on the blended teaching for medical statistics in general practice graduate students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate a suitable model for the teaching of medical statistics in postgraduates in general medicine. Methods A total of 225 postgraduates who majored in general medicine in the class of 2017 in Xi'an Medical College were enrolled and randomly divided into study group with 130 postgraduates and control group with 95 postgraduates. The postgraduates in the study group received blending learning (with the application of Wenjuanxing and Duifenyi), and those in the control group received traditional teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of teaching efficiency and degree of satisfaction. Results Compared with the control group, the study group had significantly higher score of objective questions (t=11.2, P<0.01), score of SPSS analysis (t=5.44, P<0.01), total score of exams (t=26.3, P<0.01), and degree of satisfaction (Z=-3.853, P<0.01). Conclusion Blending learning may have a better overall effect than traditional teaching and can help students to achieve stronger abilities of data analysis and SPSS operation. This is an important attempt to change the teaching mode of medical statistics in postgraduates and provides a feasible method for the training of general medical talents with innovative and scientific thinking.

Current status and influencing factors of regulatory emotional self-efficacy among graduate students of medical college / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the current status and influencing factors of regulatory emotional self-efficacy(RESE) among graduate students of medical college. METHODS: A cluster sampling method was used to select 3 225 postgraduates in class of 2015 and 2016 from a medical college as research subjects. A RESE survey was conducted using the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale. RESULTS: The score of RESE was 66.8±7.6. The score of perceived self-efficiency in expressing emotion was 25.7±3.0. The score of perceived self-efficiency in managing negative emotion was 41.1±6.0. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the RESE scores of the first grade graduates were higher than those of the second-grade. The RESE scores of students whose mothers′ educational level above primary school were higher than those with their mothers′ educational level being illiteracy and below primary school. The RESE scores of those being more optimistic about job prospects were higher than those being less optimistic about job prospects. The RESE scores of those with large amount of exercise were higher than those with small amount of exercise. The partial regression coefficients were-0.65, 1.03, 4.33 and 1.87(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The level of RESE in medical college graduate students is high. The grades of medical graduates, attitudes toward employment prospects, physical exercise and mother′s educational level are the influencing factors of their RESE.

Qualidade de vida de estudantes de mestrado e doutorado em enfermagem / Quality of life of masters and doctoral nursing students

Este estudo objetivou analisar a qualidade de vida eseus preditores entre estudantes de mestrado e doutorado em enfermagem. Pesquisa transversal com 129 pós-graduandos de três universidades públicas da Região Sul do Brasil. Para coleta utilizou-se um questionário para caracterização e o WHOQOL­Bref. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e múltipla. Qualidade de vida física obteve o maior valor mediano e as relações sociais, o menor. Sedentarismo, insatisfação com o tema de pesquisa, dificuldade de conciliar estudos e vida pessoal, tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, preocupação com o prazo para conclusão do curso e relacionamento insatisfatório com os docentes estiveram associados significativamente às menores percepções de qualidade de vida. Houve indícios que a formação strictosensuimpactou negativamente a qualidade de vida dos pesquisados, visto que a maioria dos fatores associados que a influenciaram desfavoravelmente foram variáveis relacionadas ao contexto acadêmico.

This study aimed at analyzing the quality of life and its predictors among mastersand doctoral nursing students. A cross-sectional studywith 129 graduate students of three public universities of the South Region of Brazil. For data collection, a questionnaire was usedfor characterization and the WHOQOL-Bref. The data wasanalyzed using descriptive and multiple statistics. The physical quality of life had the highest median value, andthe social relationships had the lowest. Sedentarism, dissatisfaction with the research theme, difficulty to conciliate studies and social life, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, concern with the deadline to finish the program and, dissatisfactory relationship with professors were significantly associatedwith lower quality of life perceptions. There were indications that the strictosensutraininghad a negative impact onthe quality of life of interviewed students, considering most associated factors negatively that influenced it werevariables related to the academic context.

Mediating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy between psychological quality and depression in graduate students of military medical college / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the mediating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy between psychological quality and depression in graduate students of military medical college. Methods A cluster sampling survey was conducted among 485 military medical college graduate students using psychological quality questionnaire for medical master (PQQMM),regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale (RESES) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 software. Results Total score of psychological quality and scores of 3 dimensions, including cognition, adaptability and personality, were significantly positively correlated with the score of expressing positive emotional self-efficacy (r=0.74, 0.57, 0.41, and 0.67; all P<0.01) and managing negative emotional self-efficacy (r=0.78, 0.65, 0.37, and 0.64; all P<0.01). The scores of psychological quality and regulatory emotional self-efficacy were significantly negatively correlated with depression (psychological quality and 3 dimensions: r=-0.78, -0.54, -0.50, and -0.62, all P<0.01; expressing positive emotional self-efficacy: r=-0.60, P<0.01; and managing negative emotional self-efficacy: r=-0.65, P<0.01). The military medical college graduate students having high regulatory emotional self-efficacy level had significantly higher score of psychological quality and significantly lower score of depression compared with the students having low regulatory emotional self-efficacy level (t=14.71, -9.43; both P<0.01). Expressing positive emotional selfefficacy had partial mediating effect between 3 dimensions of psychological quality and depression, and the proportions of total effect were 22.38%, 6.25% and 24.75%. Managing negative emotional self-efficacy had partial mediating effect between 3 dimensions of psychological quality and depression, and the proportions of total effect were 24.80%, 13.50% and 24.54%. Conclusion Regulatory emotional self-efficacy has partial mediating effect between psychological quality and depression in military medical college graduate students.

Small-class teaching in chemical biology / 基础医学与临床

Chemical biology is a new discipline developed in recent years, which is originated from chemistry and function as a coure to bridge medicine and biology. Chemical biology courses in Peking Union Medical College for the graduate students use the small-class teaching mode, penetrate case discussion into theory. This paper analyzes the present situation of chemical biology's course development, and summarizes the characteristics of the small-class teaching mode, as well as the practical experience of small-class teaching in the chemical biology course.

The experimental study of 3D printing technology practical training for the education of graduate students of otorhinolaryngology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the value of 3D printing technology practical training applied in practical teaching of graduate students of otorhinolaryngology.Methods Total 42 graduate students of otorhinolaryngology were divided into control group (20) and experimental group (22) randomly.The control group received traditional teaching mode while the experimental group received 3D printing technology practical training mode.The effect of teaching modes was evaluated by questionnaire and theoretical and practical examinations.The data were analyzed through t test of SPSS 17.0.Result Questionnaire survey of the different teaching modes showed that:the average score of control group was (59.4 ± 3.5),while that of experimental group was (64.6 ± 3.6).Theoretical examination score showed that:the average score of control group was (75.7 ± 5.1),while that of experimental group was (81.5±7.7).Practical examination score showed that:the average score of control group was (74.5 ± 5.8),while that of experimental group was (80.9 ± 6.9).All the differences are statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The recognition degree of 3D printing technology practical training in these graduate students was significantly higher than that of the traditional teaching mode,and the teaching effect from 3D printing technology practical training was better compared with that from the traditional teaching mode.

Investigation and analysis of current situation of resident physicians/graduate students standardized training in cardiac surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To explore the situation and question of standardized training of residents/graduate students in cardiac surgery by questionnaire survey. Methods From September 2010 to May 2012, 61 resident physicians/graduate students were chosen as research objects in Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital. A total of 61 questionnaires were sent out, with a recovery rate of 100%,and an effective rate of 95.1%.The contents of investigation included standardized training content design, standardized training management, the time and"environment" pressure, compliance training effect analysis,student opinion and others,a total of 14 options.EpiData 2.1a software was used to sort and record the data. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The enumeration data were compared by chi square test.Results During the period of training,the most expected teaching method was"small lecture", accounting for 63.8%; The most difficult part of the process of cardiac surgery training was "postoperative care", accounting for 69%; 100% of the trainees thought that it would be helpful for future work through cardiac training;8.3% of the trainees thought the teachers of cardiac surgery teaching consciousness was not strong; resident weekend "in the hospital" was higher than the proportion of graduate students, and most graduate students chose weekend "in the experiment and research work", the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Appropriate standardized training program should be combined with the students' background; Teaching team construction and clinical reasonable and effective clinical skills train-ing system is an important link to ensure the quality of teaching.The combination of residents' standardized training and postgraduate education of professional degree remains to be tracked and evaluated in a long time.The feedback from all aspects of the training should be paid more attention to,and the training details should be improved.

Construction and practice of teaching model of graduate medical developmental biology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The teaching contents of graduate medical developmental biology are rich and abstruse, which makes it insufficient to reach the goal of cultivating higher-quality graduate students by traditional teaching methods. In current years, we have constructed and practiced the modular teaching model for the course of graduate medical developmental biology. By dividing the teaching contents into models, including basic development principle, model organisms, hotspot of medicinedevelopmentalbiologyresearch and main technologies and methods, we aim to meet all needs of students, enhance the practicality of our course, improve students' innovation abilities and comprehensive quality, and efficiently increase the quality of our education.

Curriculum management effect of counseling psychology graduate students' clinical practice: A preliminary evaluation / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To test curriculum management effect of graduate students'clinical practice of counseling psychology.Methods:Totally 26 students [average age (24.5 ± 1.0) years] who completed 30-day interns summer were investigated with the self-made questionnaire evaluating the quality of clinical practice.Results:All students obtained promotion in practice activities,the attendance ranged from 50.0％ to 96.2％.The overall satisfaction was (3.8 ± 0.8) and the average degree of supervisors'satisfaction was (4.0 ± 0.8).There were 92.3 ％ of the students had participated more than 224 hours' practice and completed all tasks.After the interns,the students had significantly improved in all 8 aspects of professional abilities.Conclusion:In graduate education of counseling psychology,curriculum management of clinical practice may be an effective approach to improve students' clinical skills.